Research progress on autophagic flux regulation in cataract / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Autophagic flux refers to a series of dynamic process of autophagic bilayer membrane formation, autophagosome formation, autophagolysosomes formation and degradation. The etiology of cataract is complex, including congenital abnormalities in lens development due to genetic mutations, oxidative damage due to aging, abnormalities in glucose metabolism due to diabetes, and proliferation of lens epithelial cells(LECs)stimulated by postoperative inflammatory factor, all of which are associated with the development of cataracts. A growing number of research in recent years have discovered that altering the status of LECs can contribute to the pathophysiological process of cataract by regulating autophagic flux. This review summarized the impacts of autophagic flux regulation on cataract.

Expression of small nucleolar RNA SNORD15A in acute leukemia and its clinical significance / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To investigate the expression level of small nucleolar RNA SNORD15A in bone marrow of patients with acute leukemia (AL) and its relationship with clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients.Methods:Bone marrow blood samples of 53 newly treated AL patients and 29 healthy subjects without clinical diagnosis of hematologic diseases or other malignant diseases (control group) at the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University from March 2018 to December 2021 were collected. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression of SNORD15A in bone marrow blood mononuclear cells of the two groups. The median relative expression of SNORD15A (0.148) was used as the boundary, and AL patients were divided into low expression group (<0.148) and high expression group (≥0.148). The relationship between the expression level of SNORD15A and the clinical characteristics, clinical indicators and overall survival (OS) of AL patients was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis and log-rank test was performed; Cox proportional hazards model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses of OS of patients.Results:The relative expression of SNORD15A was 0.148 (0.012-1.376) in newly treated AL patients and 0.921 (0.513-2.288) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z = -6.85, P < 0.01). The differences in SNORD15A relative expression between patients with different prognostic stratification, efficacy and with or without fever and bleeding were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The differences in platelet count, plateletcrit and albumin levels between SNORD15A low expression group and high expression group were statistically significant (all P < 0.05), and the differences in molecular biology and cytogenetic characteristics were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). The patients in SNORD15A high expression group had better OS than the low expression group ( P < 0.05). The results of univariate Cox regression analysis showed that SNORD15A was an influencing factor for patients' OS ( HR = 0.063, 95% CI 0.005-0.766, P < 0.05); the results of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that fatigue ( HR = 4.754, 95% CI 1.014-22.290), fever ( HR = 0.147, 95% CI 0.029-0.746) and hemoglobin ( HR = 0.970, 95% CI 0.944 -0.998) were independent influencing factors for OS (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:SNORD15A is lowly expressed in AL and may be an indicator for disease monitoring and prognostic assessment in AL patients.

Influencing factors for acute kidney injury in acute liver failure and establishment of a predictive model / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the predictive factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute liver failure (ALF), and to establish a new predictive model. Methods Clinical data were collected from 253 patients who were diagnosed with ALF in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2015 to October 2021, and according to the presence or absence of AKI, these patients were divided into non-AKI group with 170 patients and AKI group with 83 patients. Related clinical data and laboratory markers were collected. Non-normally distributed continuous data were expressed as M ( P 25 - P 75 ), and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between two groups; categorical data were expressed as cases (%), and the chi-square test was used for comparison between two groups. The binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for AKI in ALF patients, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of the indices obtained in predicting AKI in ALF patients. Results Compared with the non-AKI group, the AKI group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with hypertension, diabetes, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, and pulmonary infection, significantly higher levels of white blood cell count (WBC), international normalized ratio (INR), C-reactive protein, procalcitonin (PCT), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, and significantly lower levels of platelet count, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, and PNI (all P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that WBC (odds ratio [ OR ]=1.267, 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 1.124-1.428, P < 0.001), INR ( OR =1.663, 95% CI : 1.205-2.293, P =0.002), PCT ( OR =1.416, 95% CI : 1.137-1.764, P =0.002), and MELD score ( OR =1.098, 95% CI : 1.029-1.172, P =0.005) were risk factors for the development of AKI in patients with ALF. The ROC curve analysis showed that the combination of WBC+INR+PCT+MELD had the largest area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.908 in predicting AKI in ALF patients, while WBC, INR, PCT, and MELD alone had an AUC of 0.776, 0.771, 0.746, and 0.780, respectively, in predicting AKI. Conclusion WBC, INR, PCT, and MELD score are independent influencing factors for AKI in patients with ALF, and the predictive model established based on these four indices has a relatively high predictive value.

New di-spirocyclic labdane diterpenoids from the aerial parts of Leonurus japonicus / 中国天然药物

Phytochemical investigation on the ethanol extract of a well-known medicinal herb Leonurus japonicus, led to the separation of 18 labdane type diterpenoids (1-18). Through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical calculations, these compounds were structurally characterized as six new interesting 5,5,5-di-spirocyclic ones (1-6), two new (7 and 8) and six known (13-18) interesting 6,5,5-di-spirocyclic ones, a new rare 14,15-dinor derivative (9), and three new ones incorporating a γ-lactone unit (10-12). An in vitro neuroprotective assay in RSC96 cells revealed that compounds 7 and 12 exhibited neuroprotective activity in a concentration-dependent way, comparable to the reference drug N-acetylcysteine.

The surgical effects of total endoscopy and right thoracic small-incision for atrial septal defect repair: A retrospective cohort study / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To compare the surgical effects of total endoscopy and right thoracic small-incision for atrial septal defect repair. Methods    The clinical data of 60 patients undergoing atrial septal defect repair in our hospital in 2019 under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were collected. The patients were divided into two groups according to different surgical methods: a right thoracic small-incision group (n=31), including 11 males and 20 females, aged 44.5±11.5 years; a thoracoscopic surgery group (n=29), including 12 males and 17 females, aged 46.5±12.7 years. The clinical data were compared between the two groups. Results    The baseline data of the patients were not statistically different (P>0.05). The surgeries were successfully completed in the two groups of patients. The volume of chest drainage in 24 h after the surgery (59.1±43.9 mL vs. 91.0±72.9 mL, P=0.046), red blood cell input (78.0±63.9 mL vs. 121.0±88.7 mL, P=0.036), length of postoperative hospital stay (5.5±2.1 d vs. 7.2±2.1 d, P=0.003), postoperative complications rate (6.9%vs. 22.6%, P=0.029) in the thoracoscopic surgery group were significantly better than those in the right thoracic small-incision group. There was no significant difference in the CPB time, aorta blocking time, operation time, mechanical ventilation time, ICU retention time or postoperative pain score between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion    The two techniques are safe and effective. Patients undergoing thoracoscopic repair of atrial septal defect have small trauma, short postoperative hospital stay, mild pain, beautiful incision, and no bone damage, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

MiR-494-3p Upregulation Exacerbates Cerebral Ischemia Injury by Targeting Bhlhe40

Purpose@#Cerebral ischemia is related to insufficient blood supply and is characterized by abnormal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell apoptosis. Previous studies have revealed a key role for basic helix-loop-helix family member e40 (Bhlhe40) in oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the roles of miR-494-3p in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. @*Materials and Methods@#A mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO/R) model was established to mimic cerebral ischemia in vivo. Brain infarct area was assessed using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) operation was adopted to mimic neuronal injury in vitro. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The relationship between miR-494-3p and Bhlhe40 was validated by luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. @*Results@#Bhlhe40 expression was downregulated both in MCAO/R animal models and OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Bhlhe40 overexpression inhibited cell apoptosis and reduced ROS production in SH-SY5Y cells after OGD/R treatment. MiR-494-3p was verified to bind to Bhlhe40 and negatively regulate Bhlhe40 expression. Additionally, cell apoptosis and ROS production in OGD/ R-treated SH-SY5Y cells were accelerated by miR-494-3p overexpression. Rescue experiments suggested that Bhlhe40 could reverse the effects of miR-494-3p overexpression on ROS production and cell apoptosis. @*Conclusion@#MiR-494-3p exacerbates brain injury and neuronal injury by regulating Bhlhe40 after I/R.

Two cases of acute chlorfenapyr poisoning and literature review / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

In recent years, chlorfenapyr poisoning has gradually increased in clinical practice, but the case fatality rate remains high. At present, the research on its poisoning mechanism and clinical characteristics is limited, and there is no effective treatment. In order to summarize the clinical characteristics of chlorfenapyr poisoning, in order to guide the clinical treatment, this article reported 2 cases of acute chlorfenayr poisoning and 21 cases of literature review, and summarized the clinical characteristics of chlorfenapyr poisoning.Most of the symptoms of gastrointestinal symptoms, profuse sweating, high fever, and changes in consciousness after chlorfenapyr poisoning, and delayed exacerbations are common, which can involve multiple organ systems such as the central nervous system, providing a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Correlation between arterial lactic acid level and complications within 30 days postoperatively in elderly patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the association between arterial lactate levels and complications within 30 days postoperatively in elderly patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods:Elderly patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy under selective general anesthesia in Beijing Hospital from July 2019 to December 2021 were enrolled.According to whether complications occurred within 30 days after operation, the patients were divided into complication group(C Group)and no complication group(N Group). General clinical data and lactic acid level before and after surgery were compared between the two groups.And the association between lactic acid level and complications within 30 days postoperatively was evaluated.Results:A total of 70 elderly patients were included in this study, of whom 22 patients had complications with proportion of 31.4%(22/70), including 2 cases of hemorrhage(2.9%, 2/70), one case of infection(1.4%, 1/70), 1 case of pneumonedema(1.4%, 1/70), 13 cases of pancreatic fistula(18.6%, 13/70), 5 cases of all-cause death postoperatively(7.1%, 5/70). There was no significant difference in baseline of arterial lactate level between two groups[0.70(0.50, 0.80)mmol/L vs.0.70(0.50, 1.20)mmol/L, Z=-1.150, P=0.250], while the lactate level at the end of the surgery was significantly higher in group C[1.60(0.90, 2.25)mmol/L]than in group N[1.00(0.80, 1.38)mmol/L]( Z=-2.396, P=0.017). The arterial lactate level at the end of the surgery was a risk factor for postoperative complications by multivariate analyses( OR=2.501, 95% CI: 1.154~5.418, P=0.020). Conclusions:Lactate level at the end of the surgery is related to early postoperative complications(within 30 days postoperatively)in elderly patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy.Paying great attention to lactate monitoring at the end of the surgery may reduce the occurrence of perioperative complications in elderly patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Textual research on classical prescriptions in Mongolian medicine / 中国中药杂志

Mongolians have a long history of using prescriptions, which can be classified into four stages as follows: the germination and experience accumulation stage before the 13 th century, the theoretical formation stage from the 13 th to 16 th century, the rapid development stage from the 17 th to 20 th century, and the leaping development stage from the mid-20 th century to the present. The prescriptions from the ancient classical or representative medical books have always been used by Mongolian physicians for generations, and they are still in use due to the definite curative effects. In 2008, the Notice on Issuing the Supplementary Provisions to the Registration and Management of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) described that China has attached more importance to the excavation and development of classical prescriptions. As stipulated in the Law of the People's Republic of China on Traditional Chinese Medicine, the classical prescriptions should be those available in ancient TCM classics and still in wide use, with exact curative effects, distinct features, and obvious advantages. This paper expounded the historical formation and development of classical prescriptions in Mongo-lian medicine, introduced the five most influential ancient medical books revealing the formation and development of these classic prescriptions, and traced the origin of such classical prescriptions as Wenguanmu Siwei Decoction, Shouzhangshen Bawei Decoction, Jianghuang Siwei Decoction and summarized the origin, development history and characteristics of classical prescriptions in Mongolian medicine, aiming to provide a reference for their further research and development.

Comparison of anesthesia effects between closed / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Bispectral index (BIS) can reflect the depth of propofol sedation. This study aims to compare the anesthetic satisfaction, anesthetic dose, and hemodynamic changes between closed-loop target controlled infusion (CLTCI) and open-loop target controlled infusion (OLTCI) during abdominal surgery.@*METHODS@#From December 2016 to December 2018, 70 patients undergoing abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were selected in Beijing Hospital, including 51 males and 19 females, at the age from 49 to 65 years old. They were classified as grade I-II by the American Society of anesthesiologists (ASA) and were randomly divided into the CLTCI group and the OLTCI group (@*RESULTS@#In the induction stage, the percentage of adequate anesthesia time in the CLTCI group was higher than that in the OLTCI group, and the percentage of deep anesthesia time in the CLTCI group was significantly lower than that in the OLTCI group (both @*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with propofol OLTCI, anesthesia with propofol CLTCI under BIS guidance can maintain a more appropriate depth of anesthesia sedation and more stable hemodynamics.

Accuracy of the ratio of tidal volume to corrected forced vital capacity in predicting driving pressure increase during one-lung ventilation / 中华麻醉学杂志

Data of patients underwent thoracic surgeries were retrospectively collected in our center from November 2016 to January 2019.The last recorded tidal volume and driving pressure before two-lung ventilation were selected.Patents were classified into driving pressure increase group (>15 cmH 2O) and normal group.The baseline characteristics, parameters of pulmonary function, left one-lung ventilation and protective ventilation strategies were recorded.Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for driving pressure increase, correlation analyses between predicted body weight and total lung capacity and between forced vital capacity and total lung capacity were performed.The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the accuracy of the ratio of tidal volume to corrected forced vital capacity in predicting driving pressure increase.Sixty-two patients were included in this study.Body mass index, left one-lung ventilation and the ratio of tidal volume to corrected forced vital capacity ratio were the risk factors for driving pressure increase ( P<0.05 or 0.01). Predicted body weight (correlation coefficient was 0.66, P<0.01) and forced vital capacity (correlation coefficient was 0.75, P<0.01)were both positively correlated with total lung capacity, but the two coefficients were statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of the ratio of tidal volume to corrected forced vital capacity in predicting driving pressure increase was 0.846 (95% CI 0.749-0.943) ( P<0.01), the diagnostic threshold was 0.312, the sensitivity and specificity of this threshold were 0.800 and 0.781 respectively, so the boundary of tidal volume during one-lung ventilation should be either forced vital capacity×0.149 for left one-long ventilation or forced vital capacity×0.163 for right one-lung ventilation.In conclusion, the ratio of tidal volume to corrected forced vital capacity has a higher predictive value for driving pressure increase during one-lung ventilation, and forced vital capacity can be used as a reference while calculating tidal volume.

Analysis of pulmonary complications and related factors in elderly patients following major abdominal surgery / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications and related factors in elderly patients after major abdominal surgery.Methods:Clinical data of elderly patients undergone major abdominal surgeries at Beijing Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications was studied, and related factors were analyzed using Logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 96 cases were included.The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications was 53.1%(51/96)in elderly patients after major abdominal surgery.Logistic regression analysis showed laparoscopy was a protective factor for postoperative pulmonary complications( OR=0.293, 95% CI: 0.100-0.865, P=0.026), while driving pressure > 18 cmH 2O(1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa)( OR=3.300, 95% CI: 1.148-9.434, P=0.027)and intraoperative bleeding volume > 500 ml( OR=4.444, 95% CI: 1.091-18.180, P=0.037)were risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications. Conclusions:Attention should be paid to the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in elderly patients after major abdominal surgery.Laparoscopy is a protective factor for postoperative pulmonary complications, while driving pressure more than 18 cmH 2O and intraoperative bleeding volume more than 500 ml can increase the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications.

The value of multiparametric MRI and transrectal ultrasound fusion guided biopsy in the detection of clinical significant prostate cancer / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the application of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI)-transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion guided biopsy in the diagnosis of clinical significant prostate cancer (PCa).Methods:A prospective analysis was performed in 168 patients with suspected PCa from September 2015 to June 2017 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Suspicious areas on mpMRl were defined and graded using prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2 (PI-RADS V2) score. All the patients had the TRUS-guided systematic biopsy, 108 patients with PI-RAD V2 scores ≥ 3 had additional MRI-TRUS targeted biopsies. Taking pathologic results as golden standard, the detection rates were compared between the 2 methods using χ 2 test. Results:Initially, all of the 168 patients underwent TRUS biopsy. PCa was detected in 86 (101 niduses) of 168 patients (51.19%, 86/168), 82 (91 niduses) (48.81%, 82/168) were not prostate cancer. Seventy eight (46.43%, 78/168) cases of PCa were detected by TRUS biopsy, and 63 (58.33%, 63/168) cases of PCa were detected by MRI-TRUS fusion guided biopsy, the difference was statistically significant between TRUS biopsy and MRI-TRUS fusion guided biopsy (χ 2=3.73, P=0.035). The 168 patients were biopsied with a total of 2 300 cores, including TRUS biopsy 2 016 cores and MRI-TRUS fusion targeted biopsy 284 cores. Additionally, the detection rate for per cores for MRI-TRUS fusion targeted biopsy (51.76%, 147/284) was significantly higher than that for TRUS biopsy cores (19.64%, 396/2 016) (χ 2=142.38, P<0.05). Among patients with a positive biopsy for PCa, the biopsy cores for conventional TRUS biopsy was 1 032 comparing to 214 cores for MRI-TRUS biopsy. The suspicious MRI-TRUS fusion targeted biopsy (68.69%, 147/214) detected more PCa compared with TRUS biopsy (38.37%, 396/1 032) (χ 2=66.27, P<0.05). Among patients with a positive biopsy for PCa, MRI-TRUS fusion targeted biopsy [69.74% (106/152)] detected more significant cancer cores than TRUS biopsy [54.50% (351/644) ] (χ 2=11.67, P<0.05). Conclusion:MRI-TRUS fusion biopsy combined with PI-RADS V2 increases positive rate markedly and improves the detection rate of clinical significant PCa.

Identification of CDK6 and RHOU in Serum Exosome as Biomarkers for the Invasiveness of Non-functioning Pituitary Adenoma / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To explore circulating biomarkers for screening the invasiveness of non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NF-PAs). Methods The exosomal RNAs were extracted from serum of patients with invasive NF-PA (INF-PA) or noninvasive NF-PA (NNF-PA). Droplet digital PCR was adapted to detect the mRNA expression of candidate genes related to tumor progression or invasion, such as cyclin dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), ras homolog family member U (RHOU), and spire type actin nucleation factor 2 (SPIRE2). Student's -test was used to analyze the statistical difference in the mRNA expression of candidate genes between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to establish a model for predicting the invasiveness of NF-PAs. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and precision of the model were then obtained to evaluate the diagnostic performance. Results CDK6 (0.2600±0.0912 . 0.1789±0.0628, =3.431, =0.0013) and RHOU mRNA expressions (0.2696±0.1118 . 0.1788±0.0857, =2.946, =0.0052) were upregulated in INF-PAs patients' serum exosomes as compared to NNF-PAs. For CDK6, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.772 (95% : 0.600-0.943, =0.005), the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and precision were 77.27%, 83.33%, 75.00% and 55.56% to predict the invasiveness of NF-PAs. For RHOU, the AUC was 0.757 (95% : 0.599-0.915, =0.007), the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and precision were 72.73%, 83.33%, 68.75% and 50.00%. In addition, the mRNA levels of CDK6 and RHOU in serum exosomes were significantly positively correlated (=0.935, <0.001). After combination of the cut-off scores of the two genes, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and precision were 81.82%, 83.33%, 81.25% and 62.50%. Conclusions CDK6 and RHOU mRNA in serum exosomes can be used as markers for predicting invasiveness of NF-PAs. Combination of the two genes performs better in distinguishing INF-PAs from NNF-PAs. These results indicate CDK6 and RHOU play important roles in the invasiveness of NF-PAs, and the established diagnostic method is valuable for directing the clinical screening and postoperative treatment.

Effects of staurosporine on the contraction of self-assembled constructs of goat temporomandibular joint disc cells / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#The effects of the staurosporine on contraction of self-assembled constructs and extracellular matrix syntheses of goat temporomandibular joint discs were investigated.@*METHODS@#Goat temporomandibular joint disc cells were isolated and cultured to P3, and 5.5×10⁶ cells were combined with different concentrations of staurosporine (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 nmol·L⁻¹) in agarose wells and cultured for one week. The samples were frozen and sectioned. Safranin-O,  Picro-sirius red and immunohistochemical staining were performed to observe the distributions of the extracellular matrix and the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Blyscan kits were utilized to quan--titatively detect the contents of type Ⅰ collagen (ColⅠ) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).@*RESULTS@#Each group of goat temporo-mandibular joint disc cells in the agarose wells were gathered to self-assemble into a disc-shaped base for 4 hours and then to gradually contract into a round shape. The Picro-sirius red staining was strong and indicated collagen distribution. The Safranin-O staining observed GAGs throughout the entire construct. The expression of ColⅠ was strongly posi-tive in the staurosporine groups; however, the expression of α-SMA was weak. ColⅠ and GAGs contents in the stau-rosporine groups were greater than that of the control group, especially in the 10 nmol·L⁻¹ group (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Staurosporine has a certain effect on the shrinkage of self-assembled constructs; however, such effect is not prominent. Staurosporine contributes to the construction synthesis of extracellular matrix.

The comparative study of in transition zone prostate cancer: diagnostic performance of new intravoxel incoherent motion and diffusion kurtosis imaging models / 中华放射学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the diagnostic value of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) parameters in diagnosing prostate cancer(PCa) in transition zone (TZ) and stratifying pathologic Gleason grade of prostate cancer.@*Methods@#A total of 55 patients who were undergoing preoperative muti-parameters MRI of T2WI, DWI, IVIM and DKI model for the exploration of prostate cancer (January 2015 to June 2017) with pathologically confirmed by MRI-transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) targeted fusion biopsy were retrospectively included. Parameters were postprocessed by IVIM models including quantitation of perfusion fraction (f), diffusivity (D) and pseudo-diffusivity (D*) and DKI models including the mean diffusivity (MD), mean kurtosis (MK) and fractional anisotropy (FA) by outlining the 3D VOI. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the differences in lesion parameters between prostate cancer and BPH, low-risk (BPH+Gleason score 6 points) and medium-high-risk lesions (Gleason score ≥7 points). Correlation between ADC values, IVIM and DKI parameters and Gleason scores were assessed with Spearman analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the efficacy of various parameters in the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer and BPH with low-risk or high-risk.@*Results@#27 (36 focus) cases of PCa and 28 (40 focus) cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in PZ were included, meanwhile, the cases of GS ≥7 and and BPH+(GS=6) were 33,43,respectively. There were significant differences in ADC, D, MD, MK, and FA between patients in PCa-BHP group and high-low risk group in TZ (P<0.05), D* and f had no significant differences (P>0.05). ADC and MD showed relatively higher negativity correlations (r were -0.585 and -0.489, P<0.05) with GS of PCa in TZ. ADC exhibited a higher area under the curve (AUC 0.864) compared with D with area under the curve (AUC 0.853), however, the difference is not significant (P>0.05). Of model DKI in diagnose of PCa and BPH, the highest classification accuracy was MD(AUC 0.796). The AUC derived from multiple model parameters in different combination of ADC+D value, ADC+MD value, and ADC+MD+D value were 0.892, 0.884, and 0.897, respectively. ADC and D of IVIM model showed a significance difference between GS ≥7 and BPH+(GS=6) with a higher AUC of 0.826 and 0.743. The AUC was 0.851 of the combination of mean ADC and D, 0.846 of combination of mean ADC and MD, the AUC (0.856) of the combination of ADC, D and MD significant higher than any two combined parameters (P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#IVIM and DKI models may help to discriminate prostate cancer from BPH, and predict mid-higher GS PCa in TZ. But there is no significant advantage compared with ADC values. It is feasible to stratify the pathological grade of prostate cancer in TZ by mean ADC and MD.

The comparative study of in transition zone prostate cancer: diagnostic performance of new intravoxel incoherent motion and diffusion kurtosis imaging models / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) parameters in diagnosing prostate cancer(PCa) in transition zone (TZ) and stratifying pathologic Gleason grade of prostate cancer. Methods A total of 55 patients who were undergoing preoperative muti?parameters MRI of T2WI, DWI, IVIM and DKI model for the exploration of prostate cancer (January 2015 to June 2017) with pathologically confirmed by MRI?transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) targeted fusion biopsy were retrospectively included. Parameters were postprocessed by IVIM models including quantitation of perfusion fraction (f), diffusivity (D) and pseudo?diffusivity (D*) and DKI models including the mean diffusivity (MD), mean kurtosis (MK) and fractional anisotropy (FA) by outlining the 3D VOI. Independent sample t?test was used to compare the differences in lesion parameters between prostate cancer and BPH, low?risk (BPH+Gleason score 6 points) and medium?high?risk lesions (Gleason score ≥7 points). Correlation between ADC values, IVIM and DKI parameters and Gleason scores were assessed with Spearman analysis.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the efficacy of various parameters in the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer and BPH with low?risk or high?risk. Results 27 (36 focus) cases of PCa and 28 (40 focus) cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) in PZ were included, meanwhile, the cases of GS≥7 and and BPH+(GS=6) were 33,43,respectively. There were significant differences in ADC, D, MD, MK, and FA between patients in PCa?BHP group and high?low risk group in TZ (P<0.05), D*and f had no significant differences (P>0.05). ADC and MD showed relatively higher negativity correlations (r were－0.585 and－0.489, P<0.05) with GS of PCa in TZ. ADC exhibited a higher area under the curve (AUC 0.864) compared with D with area under the curve (AUC 0.853), however, the difference is not significant (P>0.05). Of model DKI in diagnose of PCa and BPH, the highest classification accuracy was MD(AUC 0.796). The AUC derived from multiple model parameters in different combination of ADC+D value, ADC+MD value, and ADC+MD+D value were 0.892, 0.884, and 0.897, respectively. ADC and D of IVIM model showed a significance difference between GS≥7 and BPH+(GS=6) with a higher AUC of 0.826 and 0.743. The AUC was 0.851 of the combination of mean ADC and D, 0.846 of combination of mean ADC and MD, the AUC (0.856) of the combination of ADC, D and MD significant higher than any two combined parameters (P>0.05). Conclusions IVIM and DKI models may help to discriminate prostate cancer from BPH, and predict mid?higher GS PCa in TZ. But there is no significant advantage compared with ADC values. It is feasible to stratify the pathological grade of prostate cancer in TZ by mean ADC and MD.

Electroencephalograph network connectivity of working memory disorder in frontal lobe epilepsy pa-tients / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the possible electroencephalograph network connectivity mech-anism of working memory disorder in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy ( FLE). Methods Seventeen adult FLE patients were enrolled as the case group and 22 normal adults were selected as the control group. The behavioral data and 34-channel electroencephalographs were recorded in the working memory behavioral par-adigm. The directed transfer function was used to construct the causal connectivity brain network of theta band of working memory delay period. Two-sample t-test or tˊ-test was used to analyze the differences in be-havioral and frontal causal connectivity between the two groups. Results (1) Compared with control group, working memory behavioral data of FLE group showed significantly lower correct rate ((92. 778±4. 399)%, (96. 258±2. 470)%,tˊ=-2. 925,P<0. 01),and significantly longer reaction time ((978. 586± 65. 161) ms,(798. 671±196. 207)ms,tˊ=4. 023,P<0. 001). (2) Compared with control group,causal connectivity of FLE group showed significantly reduced whole brain ( tˊ=-6. 008, P<0. 001), Fz channel ( tˊ=-7. 703,P<0. 001),frontal region (tˊ=-14. 667,P<0. 001),frontal-temporal interval ( t=-14. 467,P<0. 001),and frontal-central interval (t=-3. 501,P<0. 001). The causal connectivity of frontal-occipital in-terval had no significant difference( t=1. 056,P=0. 281). Conclusions Working memory disorders were found in FLE patients. The abnormal causal connectivity of frontal brain network in theta band may be one of its potential neurophysiological mechanisms.

Research on Differential Feature Elements and Characteristic Spectrum of Inorganic Elements Between Calcined Alumen and Its Counterfeit Processed Products Based on ICP-OES/ICP-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To provide the new quality control means for Alumen by investigating the elemental differences between calcined Alumen and its counterfeit processed products of ammonium alum, and establishing their characteristic chromatogram. Method: The contents of 22 inorganic elements both in calcined Alumen and processed products of ammonium alum were determined by means of inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-optical emission spectrometer-mass spectrometry (ICP-OES/ICP-MS),SPSS 16.0 was used for cluster analysis (CA) while SIMCA-P 13.0 with t-test and Rank-Sum test was used to identify the differential inorganic elements. In addition, the characteristic spectrum of the inorganic elements for calcined Alumen and counterfeit calcined alumen were established. Result: Calcined Alumen had highest contents of K and Al while counterfeit calcined Alumen has highest contents of Al and Fe;Cr,Sr,and Mn contents in calcined Alumen were relatively higher,while Mn,Ti,and Ga contents in processed products of ammonium alum were relatively higher. The content of K in calcined Alumen was about 205 times of that of counterfeit products. On the contrary,the average contents of Fe,Ti,Mn and Ga in counterfeit products of ammonium alum were much higher than those in calcined Alumen,33,46,38, 27 times, respectively. A total of 18 samples were clustered into two categories in CA:calcined Alumen and processed products of ammonium alum. 18 inorganic elements showed significant difference in contents(PConclusion: This method can be used for quality control of calcined Alumen.

Analysis of Application of Placebo Acupuncture in Recent 5 Years' Domestic Randomized Controlled Trials / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To summarize the domestic design for placebo acupuncture and the placebo effect and explore an ideal design for placebo acupuncture.Method Three large Chinese databases CNKI, Wan Fang and Vip were searched to systematically review the application of placebo acupuncture in randomized controlled trials published at home in recent 5 years (2011.01—2016.11).Results and conclusions A total of 48 articles were included according the inclusion and exclusion criteria. An analysis was made of the kinds of diseases for acupuncture study, the methods of designing placebo acupuncture, the effects of placebo acupuncture and comparisons with foreign placebo acupuncture. Pain syndrome and insomnia were the main kinds of diseases for acupuncture study, accounting for 10 and 8 articles respectively. Acupuncture needles were the main kind of needles for placebo acupuncture, accounting for 66.6%. Sites beside acupoints were the main positions selected for placebo acupuncture, accounting for 58.3%. Not penetrating the skin predominated in the depth of needle insertion, accounting for 37.5%. The kinds of needles for placebo acupuncture were fewer than abroad. The effects of placebo acupuncture were not superior to those of acupuncture.